FAQ

Yes, you can download the SSDT Information Sheet on the guidance page.

The Tribunal usually sits with two solicitor members, one being the Chairperson and two lay members. The Clerk is available to advise on the procedure of the Tribunal but takes no part in the decision-making process.

Yes, the Tribunal is independent of the Law Society. While the Law Society recommends solicitor members for appointment to the Tribunal, it has no further involvement once they are appointed by the Lord President.

The Tribunal is administered by SSDT Administration Limited. The Law Society is responsible for the funding of the Tribunal but has no locus with regard to the day-to-day running of the administration of the Tribunal. The Clerk reports to the Tribunal.

The Tribunal deals with the following types of business:

1. Complaints about professional misconduct by a solicitor (section 53(1)(a).

2. Complaints that a solicitor has been convicted of an act involving dishonesty or following conviction, received a fine greater than level 4 on the standard scale or more than 12 months' imprisonment (section 53(1)(b)). Also Complaints that a solicitor or incorporated practice has been convicted of an economic crime offence (section 53(1)(ba) and section 53(1)(ca)).  

3. Complaints that an incorporated practice as failed to comply with the 1980 Act or rules made under that Act (section 53(1)(d)).

4. Applications for Restoration to the Roll of Solicitors (section 10).

5. Appeals by Solicitors against a finding made by the Law Society of unsatisfactory professional conduct. (Section 42ZA(9) Appeals).

6. Appeals by Lay Complainers against the failure by the Law Society to make a finding of unsatisfactory professional conduct. (Section 42ZA(10) Appeals)

7. Appeals by Solicitors or Lay Complainers against the extent of any award of compensation or the failure to award any compensation. (Section 42ZA(11) and (12) Appeals).

The Tribunal also deals with Complaints and Appeals relating to conveyancing and executry practitioners.

If your complaint is about the administration of the Tribunal, the Tribunal Clerk, or Tribunal staff, then the complaint should be made to the Chair of the Tribunal. 

If your complaint relates to the conduct of any member of the Tribunal, including the Chair, the complaint should be directed to the Lord President.  

If you wish to make a complaint, please contact the Tribunal Office to request a copy of the complaints procedure and form. Contact details for the Tribunal Office are available on the home page. The Lord President can be contacted at the Judicial Office for Scotland, Parliament House, Edinburgh EH1 1RQ.

The Tribunal Office may provide information to the Chair or the Lord President about the case to assist them to deal with your complaint.

If you require any of the information contained on this website in another language or format (for example, hard copy, audio, large print or braille) please contact us by emailing enquiries@ssdt.org.uk or calling us on 01334 659088.

Please contact the Tribunal Office with either the solicitor's name and/or Tribunal reference number. If publicity is ordered, these will be provided. Please see the Tribunal's Judgment Publication Policy on the Guidance page for details of the cases which are available on the Tribunal's website.

The Law Society usually brings complaints of professional misconduct before the Tribunal. The Law Society appoints a Fiscal to prosecute the Complaint before the Tribunal. Certain other bodies have the power to bring a Complaint about an incorporated practice, although this rarely happens in practice.

Members of the public cannot bring a case before the Tribunal themselves. Complaints against legal professionals in Scotland must be made in the first instance to the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission. Conduct matters are passed to the Law Society for investigation and it may bring a prosecution before the Tribunal.

Solicitors and Lay Complainers may appeal against the Law Society’s finding or a failure to make a finding of unsatisfactory professional conduct. These appeals are made under Section 42ZA of the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980.

The Tribunal can:
1. Censure.
2. Impose a Fine of up to £10,000 (or an unlimited fine in economic crime cases)
3. Impose a Restriction on a Solicitor’s practising certificate.
4. Suspend the Solicitor for a period of time.
5. Strike the Solicitor’s name from the Roll of Solicitors in Scotland.
6. If the Tribunal considers that the Secondary Complainer has been directly affected by the misconduct, the Tribunal has power to direct the solicitor to pay compensation of such amount not exceeding £5,000 as the Tribunal may specify for any loss, inconvenience or distress resulting from the misconduct.

The Tribunal can:
1. Quash or Confirm the Determination of the Law Society.
2. Quash the Censure accompanying the Determination.
3. Quash/Confirm/Vary the Direction being appealed against.
4. Order retraining of the solicitor.
5. Impose a Fine not exceeding £2,000.
6. Order compensation to be paid to the lay complainer not exceeding £5,000.

The Tribunal cannot remit the complaint to the Law Society Professional Conduct Sub Committee.

Yes, you can download the guidance note for witnesses here.

Hearings are held in public unless the Tribunal agrees that it is appropriate to hold the hearing in private, for example, if there are criminal proceedings pending then the case before the Tribunal may require to be held in private. All the Hearings listed on the diary section of the website are to be held in public unless otherwise stated.

The burden of proof in professional misconduct cases is on the Complainer. Professional misconduct must be proved to the standard of beyond reasonable doubt which is the criminal standard of proof.
In respect of Section 42ZA Appeals relating to unsatisfactory professional conduct, the standard of proof is on the balance of probabilities.
There are no strict rules of evidence for the proceedings before the Tribunal and there is no ban on hearsay evidence although this is less reliable than direct evidence. There is no requirement for corroboration.

Yes. It can viewed here.

In terms of paragraph 14 of Schedule 4 of the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980 as amended, every decision of the Tribunal is published in full subject to the terms of paragraph 14A. Once the written Tribunal Findings are intimated to the parties, three weeks are allowed for an appeal. Only after this period, provided no appeal has been lodged, will publicity be given to the Tribunal Findings. Occasionally publicity will be deferred, for example if criminal proceedings are pending. See the Tribunal's Judgment Publication Policy for more information on the decisions which are available on the Tribunal's website.

The Tribunal has the power to award expenses in terms of Schedule 4 to the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980. Expenses are usually awarded to the successful party and include the expenses of the Tribunal. Last-minute adjournments can result in an unnecessary increase in expense. 

Cases lodged with the Tribunal before 1 September 2024

In general, the Tribunal makes awards of expenses on the agent and client, client paying basis in terms of Chapter Three of the last published Law Society’s Table of Fees for general business with a unit rate of £14.00. However, parties have the opportunity to make submissions on expenses at the conclusion of the case. Accounts of Expenses can be taxed by the Auditor of the Court of Session.

Cases lodged with the Tribunal on or after 1 September 2024

In general, the Tribunal uses the party and party scale as its starting point and uses the unit rate contained in the Act of Sederunt (Taxation of Judicial Expenses) Rules 2019. However, expenses are a matter for the Tribunal's discretion. Further information is available in the Tribunal's Expenses Guidance. Accounts of Expenses can be taxed by the Auditor of the Court of Session. 

Yes, it can be downloaded here.

If you are a party to the case and you wish the hearing to be adjourned, you should set out the reasons for your request in a document called a motion. You should email the motion to the Tribunal Office, copying in all other parties to the case so that they can comment on the motion. Unless exceptional circumstances apply, requests for an adjournment which are received after 12pm the day before a hearing will not be entertained by the Tribunal that day. Those motions can be argued at the hearing the following day and the Tribunal will decide then whether the hearing should be adjourned.

• The Tribunal deals with appeals against decisions made by the Law Society of Scotland in relation to unsatisfactory professional conduct.

• Most appeals concern solicitors, and these are brought under Section 42ZA of the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980 as amended.

• Appeals can be brought by a solicitor against the Law Society’s decision to make a finding of unsatisfactory professional conduct against him or her. A solicitor can appeal against the determination (unsatisfactory professional conduct finding) and/or the direction (steps the Law Society have ordered the solicitor to take such as training or payment of a fine or compensation). The Tribunal’s powers in relation to these Section 42ZA(9) appeals are found in Section 53ZB(1) of the 1980 Act.

• Appeals can be brought by a complainer against the Law Society’s decision not to make an unsatisfactory professional conduct finding against a solicitor. The Tribunal’s powers in relation to these Section 42ZA(10) appeals are found in Section 53ZB(2) of the 1980 Act.

• Appeals can be brought by a complainer against the Law Society’s decision not to award compensation. The Tribunal’s powers in relation to these Section 42ZA(11) appeals are found in Section 53ZB(3) of the 1980 Act.

• Appeals can be brought by a complainer against the amount of compensation awarded. The Tribunal’s powers in relation to these Section 42ZA(12) appeals are found in Section 53ZB(4) of the 1980 Act.

• Appeals concerning conveyancing and executry practitioners are brought under Section 20ZB of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990. The Tribunal’s powers in relation to these appeals are found in Section 20B of the 1990 Act.

• Handling complaints about the way the Law Society has dealt with a case are brought under Section 23 of the Legal Profession and Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 2007. Handling Complaints should be made to the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission. The handling complaints process is separate to any appeal before the Tribunal.

• The appeal must be in writing in the form set out in the Tribunal Rules (Form 4).

• The appeal must be received within 21 days of the date on which the Determination is sent to you by the Law Society.

• It may be of assistance to get legal advice on drafting your appeal. Your appeal should identify how you say the Law Society went wrong when it made its decision. An appeal cannot proceed simply on the basis that you disagree with the Law Society’s decision. For more guidance on structuring your appeal, please see notes on making an appeal to the Tribunal in the Guidance section of the Tribunal’s website.

Yes, if you are the Complainer, please use Form D for Complainers, . If you are a solicitor, please use Form D for Solicitors. These can be downloaded from the Tribunal's guidance page. 

Detailed notes are available in the Guidance section of the Tribunal’s website.

• The Appeal is sent to the Chair of the Tribunal. If your appeal is not made timeously it will be dismissed unless exceptional circumstances apply (Rule 45(1)). If your appeal should have been made under the 2008 Rules, you will be invited to resubmit it (Rule 45(2)). If the appeal is not in the correct form (Rule 44), or the Chair considers that it is manifestly unfounded, a further period can be allowed for amendment (Rule 45).

• Once an appeal is accepted, the Chairman will authorise intimation of the Appeal on the other parties.

• In a solicitor’s appeal, the other parties are the Law Society and the original complainer.

• In a complainer’s appeal, the other parties are the Law Society and the solicitor.

• Following intimation of the appeal, the parties will have 21 days in which to lodge Answers to your Appeal (Rule 46). Copies of the Answers will also be sent to you.

• After the period for Answers has expired, you will be notified of the date of the hearing. A procedural hearing might be set in the first instance. More information about the different types of hearings can be found on the diary page of the Tribunal’s website. Hearings may be held virtually or in person. If you have a preference, please let the Tribunal Office know as early as possible along with the reasons for your preference. The final decision is for the Tribunal to make.

• Once an appeal is lodged, it cannot be withdrawn without the consent of the Tribunal.

• If your appeal goes ahead, you will have to make your case before the Tribunal at a hearing. You can do this yourself or a representative can do it on your behalf. It can be in your interests to obtain legal representation at an appeal hearing.

• Expenses in Tribunal proceedings usually follow success. If you are unsuccessful, you might have to pay the expenses of the other parties and the Tribunal. This can run to several thousand pounds. See the Frequently Asked Question, “What does an award of expenses mean?” for more information as well as the expenses information on the guidance page.

• Hearings may take place remotely by video conference or in person. In either case, you must attend to make your case to the Tribunal.

• Hearings in person are usually held in Edinburgh. When you arrive you will be met by a bar officer who will answer any queries which you have and direct you to the waiting area.

• The Tribunal sits with two solicitor members and two lay members. The Tribunal Clerk is present during the hearing to advise the members but not to take part in the decision. Proceedings are recorded electronically.

• Tribunal hearings are held in public unless any party has asked for a hearing in private prior to the date of the hearing and this has been agreed by the Tribunal. (If you wish to know more about this, please contact the Clerk to the Tribunal well before the hearing).

• You will have to make your case before the Tribunal at a hearing. You can do this yourself or a representative can do it on your behalf. It can be in your interests to obtain legal representation at an appeal hearing.

• Expenses in Tribunal proceedings usually follow success. If you are unsuccessful, you might have to pay the expenses of the other parties and the Tribunal. This can run to several thousand pounds. See the Frequently Asked Question, “What does an award of expenses mean?” for more information.

• At the conclusion of the appeal hearing, you will be asked to make submissions on publicity. Tribunal cases are published on its website in the Findings section. Parties to a case are usually named. If you do not wish to be named in the findings you must give your reasons to the Tribunal at this stage so that the Tribunal can consider the issue and make its decision on publicity. Note that the Tribunal must comply with paragraphs 14, 14A and 23 of Schedule 4 to the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980.

It is not normal practice to issue an Interlocutor after every hearing, although the Tribunal may do so in more complex cases. The Tribunal may, at times, issue Directions at the Tribunal Hearing. These will be confirmed to you in writing.

You should write, telephone or email the person(s) directly asking whether they are willing to attend as your witness giving them the date, time and venue.

If they refuse, please refer to Schedule 4, para 12 of the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980.

The Tribunal has the power to award expenses in terms of Schedule 4 to the Solicitors (Scotland) Act 1980. Expenses are usually awarded to the successful party and include the expenses of the Tribunal. Last-minute adjournments can result in an unnecessary increase in expense. 

Cases lodged with the Tribunal before 1 September 2024

In general, the Tribunal makes awards of expenses on the agent and client, client paying basis in terms of Chapter Three of the last published Law Society’s Table of Fees for general business with a unit rate of £14.00. However, parties have the opportunity to make submissions on expenses at the conclusion of the case. Accounts of Expenses can be taxed by the Auditor of the Court of Session.

Cases lodged with the Tribunal on or after 1 September 2024

In general, the Tribunal uses the party and party scale as its starting point and uses the unit rate contained in the Act of Sederunt (Taxation of Judicial Expenses) Rules 2019. However, expenses are a matter for the Tribunal's discretion. Further information is available in the Tribunal's Expenses Guidance. Accounts of Expenses can be taxed by the Auditor of the Court of Session. 

The Tribunal Clerk aims to intimate the Findings within six weeks of the Tribunal Hearing but it may be longer due to the complexity of the case. In cases falling under the 2024 Rules, save in exceptional circumstances, the Tribunal's decision shall be issued to parties within three months of the date of the hearing.

As the Respondent you may have the right to lodge an appeal with the Court of Session within 21 days of the Tribunal Clerk sending the Findings to you. The Law Society may also have the right to appeal. The Secondary Complainer can only appeal in relation to compensation.

If the Tribunal has ordered you, the Respondent, to pay a fine, this becomes payable after the appeal period has expired. The Tribunal Clerk will send out a letter at the appropriate time detailing the amount and who to pay.

If you wish to pay the fine earlier than this, please contact the Tribunal Office.

If you, the Respondent, are to pay compensation, this will become payable after the appeal period has expired. The Secondary Complainer’s details are on the Interlocutor, cheques should be made payable to them and sent direct to their address within the time specified on the Interlocutor. If in doubt, please contact the Tribunal Office.

The Tribunal Rules provide that the Law Society Fiscal will keep you informed about the progress of the case. If you have any documentation that you wish the Tribunal to consider, this should be sent to the Law Society Fiscal.

After the expiration of the appeal period, the Respondent should send you payment directly within the time specified in the certified copy Interlocutor sent to you by the Tribunal office (usually 28 days). If the Respondent fails to do this you can instruct Sheriff Officers on your behalf to start proceedings to enforce payment. If you require another certified copy Interlocutor, please contact the Tribunal office.

After the Findings have been sent to you and they include a Compensation Interlocutor, you can appeal to the Court of Session within 21 days from the date of the letter intimating the Findings to you.